MODUEL 4- ADVANCED

Level             : Advanced

Module         : 1.4

Title              : Listening to BBC Learning English

Explanation about the title:

• Reading for information is a life-long skill. 
• Introduce ourselves to the world of vocabulary. 
• ·       Reading with a purpose of looking for Vocabulary
• ·       Using new vocabulary in our speaking and writing
• ·       Read and speak with proper accent

Learn new Vocabulary

• ·       Affixes
• ·       Compound Words
• ·       Blending words
• ·       Clipped Words
• ·       Nym words

o   synonym

o   antonym → opposite of synonym

o   homonym → same sound and possibly same spelling, but different in meaning.

o   heteronym → same spelling, different meaning and pronunciation. e.g. row

o   homophone → different meaning and spelling. (pronounced the same.) e.g. night, knight

o   homograph → different origin, meaning, and sometimes pronunciation.

o   paronym → words that are paronymous. Paronymous means:

o   acronym → WHO and SOB are acronym, as are POW, WASP. (words formed by initial letters)

o   allonym → The name of a person, usually a historical person, assumed by a writer. Related words: hypocorism, euphony, euphemism

o   pseudonym → synonymous to penname, nom de plume.

o   eponym → A person whose name is or is thought to be the source of the name of something, such as a city, country, or era. For example, Thiruppathi, Madurai and Chidhambaram

o   anonym → an anonymous person, or, pseudonym.

o   metonym → A word used in metonymy. metonymy means: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power.

o   tautonym → A taxonomic designation, such as Gorilla, in which the genus and species names are the same, commonly used in zoology but no longer in botany.

o   toponym → 1. A place name.

 2. A name derived from a place or region.

o   caconym → An erroneous name, especially in taxonomic classification; a misnomer.

Learn new phrases

Common phrases to ask how someone is ?:

•         What’s up?

•         What’s new?

•         What have you been up to lately?

•         How’s it going?

•         How are things?

•         How’s life?

Common phrases to say how you are:

•         I’m fine, thanks. How about you?

•         Pretty good.

•         Same as always

•         Not so great.

•         Could be better

•         Can’t complain

Common phrases to say thank you:

•         I really appreciate it.

•         I’m really grateful

•         That’s so kind of you.

•         I owe you one. (this means you want/need to do a favour for the other person in the future)

Common phrases to respond to thank you:

•         No problem.

•         No worries

•         Don’t mention it.

•         My pleasure.

•         Anytime.

Common phrases to end a conversation politely:

•         It was nice chatting with you.

•         Anyway, I should get going.

Common phrases to ask for information:

•         Do you have any idea…?

•         Would you happen to know…? (when you’re not sure if the other person has the information.)

•         I don’t suppose you (would) know…? (when you’re not sure if the other person has the information.)

Common phrases to say I don’t know:

•         I have no idea/clue.

•         I can’t help you there.

•         (informal) Beats me.

•         I’m not really sure.

•         I’ve been wondering that, too.

Common phrases for not having an opinion:

•         I’ve never given it much thought.

•         I don’t have strong feelings either way.

•         It doesn’t make any difference to me.

•         I have no opinion on the matter.

Common phrases for agreeing:

•         Exactly.

•         Absolutely.

•         That’s so true.

•         That’s for sure.

•         I agree 100%

•         I couldn’t agree with you more.

•         (informal) Tell me about it! / You’re telling me!

•         (informal) I’ll say!

•         I suppose so. (use this phrase for weak agreement – you agree, but reluctantly)

Common phrases for disagreeing:

•         I’m not so sure about that.

•         That’s not how I see it.

•         Not necessarily

Common phrases to respond to great news:

•         That’s great!

•         How wonderful!

•         Awesome!

Common phrases to respond to bad news:

•         Oh no…

•         That’s terrible.

•         Poor you. (Use this to respond to bad situations that are not too serious)

•         I’m so sorry to hear that.

Common phrases to invite someone somewhere:

•         Are you free… [Saturday night?]

•         Are you doing anything… [Saturday night?]

•         . (informal) Do you want to… [see a movie?]

•         (formal)Would you like to… [join me for dinner?]

Common phrases for food:

•         I’m starving! (= I’m very hungry)

•         Let’s grab a bite to eat.

•         How about eating out tonight? (eat out = eat at a restaurant)

•         I’ll have… (use this phrase for ordering in a restaurant)

Common phrases for price:

•         It cost a fortune.

•         It cost an arm and a leg.

•         That’s a rip-off. (= overpriced; far more expensive than it should be)

•         That’s a bit pricey.

•         That’s quite reasonable. (= it’s a good price)

•         That’s a good deal. (= a good value for the amount of money)

•         It was a real bargain.

•         It was dirt cheap. (= extremely inexpensive)

Common phrases for weather:

•         It’s a little chilly.

•         It’s freezing. (= extremely cold)

•         Make sure to bundle up. (bundle up = put on warm clothes for protection against the cold)

Common phrases for hot weather:

•         It’s absolutely boiling! (boiling = extremely hot)

•         it scorching hot outside

Common phrases for being tired:

•         I’m exhausted.

•         I’m dead tired.

•         I’m beat

•         I can hardly keep my eyes open

•         I’m going to hit the sack. (hit the sack = go to bed)

Practice a greater number of similar words and learn Accent

1. Two-Syllable nouns and adjectives

In most two syllable nouns and adjectives, the first syllable takes on the stress.

Examples:     SAMples       CARton                   Colorful                   RAIny

2. Two-Syllable verbs and prepositions

In most two syllable verbs and prepositions, the stress is on the second syllable.

Examples: relax                 recEIVE                  diRECT                   aMONG                  aSIDE beTWEEN

More about word stress on two-syllable words

•         About 80% or so of two-syllable words get their stress on the first syllable.

•         There are of course, exceptions to this rule, but very few nouns and adjectives get stress on their second syllable.

•         Verbs and prepositions usually get stress placed on the second syllable, but there are exceptions to this too.

3. Three-Syllable words

For three syllable words, look at the word ending (the suffix), using the following as your guide. 

4. Words ending in er, ly

For words ending with the suffixes er or ly, the stress is placed on the first syllable.

Examples: ORder/Orderly            MANage/MANager

5.  Words ending in consonants and in y

If there is a word that ends in a consonant or in a y, then the first syllable gets the stress.

Examples:     RARity                    Optimal                   GRADient     CONtainer

6. Words with various endings

Take a good look at the list of suffixes below (suffixes are word endings).

Your stress is going to come on the syllable right before the suffix. This applies to words of all syllable lengths.

Examples:

1.       able:             ADDable, ARable, DURable

2.       ary:               PRIMary, DIary, liBRary

3.       cial:               juDIcial, nonSOcial

4.       cian:             muSIcian, phySIcian, cliNICian

5.       ery:               BAkery, SCENery

6.       graphy:         calLIgraphy, bibliOgraphy, stenOgraphy

7.       ial:                celesTIal, iniTIal, juDICial

8.       ian:               coMEdian, ciVILian, techNIcian

9.       ible:              viSIble, terRIble, reSIstible

10.      ic:                 arCHAic, plaTOnic, synTHEtic

11.      ical:               MAgical, LOgical, CRItical

12.      ics:               diaBEtics, paediAtrics

13.      ion:               classifiCAtion, repoSItion, vegeTAtion

14.      ity:                imMUnity, GRAvity, VAnity

15.      ium:              HElium, ALUminum, PREmium

16.      imum:                      MInimum, MAXimum, OPtimum

17.      logy:             BIology, CARdiology, RAdiology

18.      tal:                caPItal, biCOAstal, reCItal

7. Words ending in ee, ese, ique, ette

Words that use the suffix ee, ese, eer, ique or ette, have the primary stress actually placed on the suffix.

This applies to words of all syllable lengths. 

Examples:

1.       ee:                agrEE, jamborEE, guarantEE

2.       eer:               sightsEER, puppetEER

3.       ese:              SiamESE, JapanESE, cheESE

4.       ette:              cassETTE, CorvETTE, towelETTE

5.       ique:             unIQUE, physIQUE

8. Prefixes

Usually, prefixes do not take the stress of a word.

There are a few exceptions to this rule, however, like: un, in, pre, ex andmis, which are all stressed in their prefix.

Examples:

1.       ex:                EXample, EXplanation, EXamine

2.       in:                 INside, INefficient, INterest

3.       mis:              MISspoke, MIStake, MISspelled

4.       pre:               PREcede, PREarrange, PREliminary

9. Stress on the second from the end syllable

You put stress on the second syllable from the end of the word, with words ending in ic, sion and tion.

Examples:     iCONic                   hypertension           nuTRItion

10. Stress on the third from end syllable

You put stress on the third from end syllable with words that end in cy, ty,phy, gy and al.

Examples:     democracy    TREAty                   geography          Allergy                     NAUtical

11. Word stress for compound words

A. Compound noun

A compound noun is a noun made out of two nouns in order to form one word. In a compound noun, the first word usually takes on the stress.

Examples:     SEAfood       ICEland                   TOOTHpaste

B. Compound adjectives

A compound adjective is an adjective composed of at least two words.

Often, hyphens are used in compound adjectives. In compound adjectives, the stress is placed within the second word.

Examples:     ten-Meter      rock-Solid      fifteen-MInute

C. Compound verbs

A compound verb is when a subject has two or more verbs. The stress is on the second or on the last part. 

Examples:

•         Matilda loves bread but deTESTS butter.

•         Sarah baked cookies and ATE them up.

•         Dogs love to eat bones and love DRINking water.

D. Noun + compound nouns

Noun + compound Nouns are two word compound nouns. In noun + compound noun, the stress is on the first word.

Examples:     AIRplane mechanic PROject manager          BOARDroom member

12. Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs are words made from a verb and preposition.

In phrasal verbs, the second word gets the stress (the preposition). 

Examples:     Black OUT    break DOWN          look OUT

13. Proper nouns

Proper nouns are specific names of people, places or things. For example: Jeniffer, Spain, Google.

The second word is always the one that takes the stress

Examples:     North DAKOTA       Mr. SMITH    Apple INCORPORATED

14. Reflexive pronouns

Reflexive pronouns show that the action affects the person who performs the action. For example: I hit myself.

The second syllable usually takes the stress.

Examples:     mySELF                   themSELVES                  ourselves

15. Numbers

If the number is a multiple of ten, the stress is placed on the first syllable. 

Examples:     TEN              FIFty             ONEhundred

ACTIVITY 1

Think of words which you commonly use with very and find the alternate word for that

Example 

• Very angry —> Furious.
• Very beautiful —> Gorgeous.
• Very big —> Massive.
• Very boring —> Dull.
• Very noisy —> Deafening.
• Very poor —> Destitute.

ACTIVITY 2  - WRITING

Select any ten prefix and suffix and write your own examples

Example
Prefix 1
Ultra - Ultra Violet

Suffix 1
ment - Improvement

ACTIVITY 3

Record your Video in Flip Grid

https://flipgrid.com/s5530

Listen to BBC News and try to imitate the News Reader and read this headlines

1.COVID-19 diaries from Wuhan: ‘People cannot grieve freely for their relatives. How repressive!’

2.Promoting coronavirus education through indigenous languages

3.Mozambique gets creative with handmade anti-virus gear

4.Pandemic pushes more than 34,000 Venezuelan migrants home

5.‘Language revolt': This activist tweets against erasure of first languages in South Africa

SELF CHECK

TEST1 CLICK HERE

TEST 2 CLICK HERE